Technical Standards

RDAP (Protokol Akses Data Registrasi)

Modern, structured replacement for WHOIS using JSON over HTTPS.

EPP (Extensible Provisioning Protocol)

Protocol for registrar-registry communication to manage domains.

IDN (Nama Domain Internasionalisasi)

Domain name containing non-ASCII characters from various writing systems.

Punycode

ASCII encoding for internationalized domain names (xn-- prefix).

TTL (Time To Live)

DNS record value specifying cache duration in seconds.

Anycast DNS

Network method routing DNS queries to the nearest of multiple servers.

DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH)

Protocol encrypting DNS queries over HTTPS for privacy.

DNS-over-TLS (DoT)

Protocol encrypting DNS queries over TLS on port 853.

Escrow Data

ICANN-required backup of registration data with a trusted third party.

Propagasi DNS

Time for DNS changes to spread across all resolvers worldwide.

Rekaman DNS Wildcard

DNS record using * to match all undefined subdomains.

Rekaman Glue

A/AAAA record in parent zone preventing circular nameserver dependencies.

RFC (Permintaan Komentar)

IETF formal document defining internet protocols and standards.

IDNA (Nama Domain Internasional dalam Aplikasi)

Technical framework governing how international characters are validated and encoded in domain names.

Protokol WHOIS

Plain-text domain lookup protocol on TCP port 43, being replaced by RDAP.

DNS-over-QUIC (DoQ)

DNS encryption over QUIC (UDP port 853), offering lower latency than DoH or DoT.

ECS (Subnet Klien EDNS)

DNS extension sharing partial client IP with authoritative servers for geolocation-based responses.

TSIG (Tanda Tangan Transaksi)

Shared-secret HMAC mechanism authenticating DNS messages between servers.

AXFR / IXFR (Transfer Zona)

Protocol for replicating DNS zone data from primary to secondary nameservers.

NSEC / NSEC3 (Penolakan Keberadaan DNSSEC)

DNSSEC record types cryptographically proving a domain name does not exist.

Rekaman DNSKEY

DNS record holding the public key used to verify DNSSEC signatures in a zone.

Rekaman RRSIG

Cryptographic signature record attached to DNS record sets for DNSSEC validation.