ICANN & Governance
ICANN structure, policies, dispute resolution, and internet governance frameworks.
ICANN
Non-profit organization coordinating global DNS, IP addresses, and TLD delegation.
IANA
ICANN function managing the DNS root zone, IP allocation, and protocol parameters.
مشغّل السجل
Organization maintaining the authoritative database of domains for a TLD.
اتفاقية السجل
Contract between ICANN and a registry operator for TLD operation terms.
RAA (اتفاقية اعتماد المسجِّل)
Contract between ICANN and a registrar defining domain sales terms.
UDRP (سياسة حل نزاعات أسماء النطاقات الموحدة)
ICANN policy for resolving trademark-related domain name disputes.
منطقة جذر DNS
Highest level of DNS containing records for all TLDs, served by 13 root servers.
فترة الشروق
Pre-launch registration phase where trademark holders can claim domains first.
GDPR وخصوصية النطاقات
EU regulation that caused WHOIS data redaction for domain registrant privacy.
نزاع اسم النطاق
Legal conflict over domain name rights, resolvable via UDRP or courts.
GNSO (منظمة دعم الأسماء العامة)
ICANN body that develops policy recommendations for generic top-level domains.
ccNSO (منظمة دعم أسماء رموز الدول)
ICANN supporting organization representing ccTLD managers and developing shared ccTLD policies.
At-Large (مجتمع At-Large في ICANN)
ICANN community representing individual internet users across five world regions.
GAC (اللجنة الاستشارية الحكومية)
ICANN advisory body of national governments whose consensus advice carries special weight.
URS (نظام التعليق الفوري الموحد)
Fast, low-cost trademark dispute mechanism that suspends domains without transferring ownership.
TMCH (مستودع العلامات التجارية)
ICANN-mandated centralized database granting trademark holders priority and notification rights in new gTLDs.
PTI (المعرفات التقنية العامة)
ICANN affiliate that performs IANA functions including root zone management and IP allocation coordination.
سياسة التوافق
GNSO-developed policy binding on all ICANN-accredited registrars and registries after Board adoption.
الفصل بين السجل والمسجّل
ICANN rule preventing a TLD registry operator from also being a registrar for the same TLD.
برنامج نطاقات gTLD الجديدة
ICANN initiative that launched 1,200+ new gTLD extensions starting from the 2012 application round.