IDNA（应用程序中的国际化域名）
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IDNA是定义[[idn|国际化域名]]在应用程序和协议中如何处理的技术框架。当前标准IDNA 2008（RFC 5891-5894）规定了Unicode标签的验证、规范化以及转换为[[punycode|Punycode]] ACE形式（xn--）的方式。与前身相比，IDNA 2008收紧了规则，限制了IDNA 2003允许的连字符和符号等字符，提高了不同语言和文字之间的一致性。
示例
IDNA 2008 rejects the emoji domain '🍕.com' (allowed by IDNA 2003) because emoji are not valid IDNA 2008 label characters, causing browser compatibility inconsistencies.