Technical Standards
RFCs, internationalized domain names (IDN), Punycode, RDAP, and related standards.
RDAP (Registration Data Access Protocol)
Modern, structured replacement for WHOIS using JSON over HTTPS.
EPP (Extensible Provisioning Protocol)
Protocol for registrar-registry communication to manage domains.
IDN (ชื่อโดเมนนานาชาติ)
Domain name containing non-ASCII characters from various writing systems.
Punycode
ASCII encoding for internationalized domain names (xn-- prefix).
TTL (Time To Live)
DNS record value specifying cache duration in seconds.
Anycast DNS
Network method routing DNS queries to the nearest of multiple servers.
DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH)
Protocol encrypting DNS queries over HTTPS for privacy.
DNS-over-TLS (DoT)
Protocol encrypting DNS queries over TLS on port 853.
Data Escrow
ICANN-required backup of registration data with a trusted third party.
การแพร่กระจาย DNS
Time for DNS changes to spread across all resolvers worldwide.
Wildcard DNS Record
DNS record using * to match all undefined subdomains.
Glue Record
A/AAAA record in parent zone preventing circular nameserver dependencies.
RFC (คำขอความคิดเห็น)
IETF formal document defining internet protocols and standards.
IDNA (ชื่อโดเมนนานาชาติในแอปพลิเคชัน)
Technical framework governing how international characters are validated and encoded in domain names.
โปรโตคอล WHOIS
Plain-text domain lookup protocol on TCP port 43, being replaced by RDAP.
DNS-over-QUIC (DoQ)
DNS encryption over QUIC (UDP port 853), offering lower latency than DoH or DoT.
ECS (EDNS Client Subnet)
DNS extension sharing partial client IP with authoritative servers for geolocation-based responses.
TSIG (ลายเซ็นธุรกรรม)
Shared-secret HMAC mechanism authenticating DNS messages between servers.
AXFR / IXFR (การถ่ายโอน Zone)
Protocol for replicating DNS zone data from primary to secondary nameservers.
NSEC / NSEC3 (การปฏิเสธการมีอยู่ใน DNSSEC)
DNSSEC record types cryptographically proving a domain name does not exist.
เรคคอร์ด DNSKEY
DNS record holding the public key used to verify DNSSEC signatures in a zone.
เรคคอร์ด RRSIG
Cryptographic signature record attached to DNS record sets for DNSSEC validation.