DNS & Infrastructure
DNS resolution, record types, nameservers, and the protocols that power domain name lookups.
DNS (نظام أسماء النطاقات)
Hierarchical naming system that translates domain names into IP addresses.
خادم الأسماء (Nameserver)
Server that stores DNS records and responds to DNS queries for a domain zone.
سجل A (A Record)
DNS record mapping a domain name to an IPv4 address.
سجل AAAA
DNS record mapping a domain name to an IPv6 address.
سجل CNAME
DNS record that creates an alias from one domain name to another canonical name.
سجل MX
DNS record specifying the mail server responsible for receiving email for a domain.
سجل TXT
DNS record holding arbitrary text data, commonly used for email authentication and domain verification.
سجل NS
DNS record that delegates a DNS zone to an authoritative nameserver.
محلّل DNS
Software or service that performs recursive DNS lookups on behalf of clients.
ذاكرة التخزين المؤقت لـ DNS (TTL)
Temporary storage of DNS query results with a Time-To-Live expiration.
خادم DNS المعتمد
Server that holds the original DNS records for a zone and provides definitive answers.
ملف منطقة DNS
Text file describing a DNS zone with records for all domains in that zone.
سجل SOA
Start of Authority record containing administrative information about a DNS zone.
النطاق الفرعي (Subdomain)
Domain that is part of a larger domain, created by prepending a label (e.g., blog.example.com).
عنوان IP
Numerical label (IPv4 or IPv6) assigned to each device connected to a computer network.
محلل DNS العودي
Server that performs the full DNS resolution chain on behalf of clients and caches results.
خادم جذر DNS
Top-level nameservers that direct resolvers to the correct TLD nameservers.
منطقة DNS
Administrative partition of the DNS namespace managed by a single authoritative authority.
سجل PTR (DNS العكسي)
DNS record that maps an IP address back to a hostname for reverse DNS lookups.
تفويض DNS
Transfer of DNS authority for a child zone to designated nameservers via NS records.
DNS Round Robin
Load-balancing technique using multiple IP addresses on a single hostname to distribute traffic.
DNS Sinkhole
DNS configuration that redirects malicious domains to a controlled IP to block or analyze threats.
EDNS (آليات امتداد DNS)
RFC 6891 extension to the DNS protocol enabling larger messages, DNSSEC, and new option codes.
هجوم تضخيم DNS
DDoS technique exploiting open DNS resolvers to flood a victim with amplified response traffic.
التخزين المؤقت السلبي (NXDOMAIN)
Caching of NXDOMAIN and NODATA DNS responses to prevent repeated queries for non-existent names.