Europe

Europe maintains one of the most mature and regulated domain ecosystems in the world. Beyond the individual country ccTLDs — .de (Germany) leads with over 17 million registrations, followed by .uk (United Kingdom), .nl (Netherlands), .fr (France), and .eu (the European Union's supranational TLD) — the continent has established sophisticated frameworks for domain governance, dispute resolution, and privacy protection under GDPR. European ccTLDs are generally well-administered with high technical standards, DNSSEC adoption, and transparent pricing. The .eu domain, managed by EURid, offers a unique pan-European identity for businesses and citizens across member states. Many European registries were early adopters of internationalized domain names (IDNs), supporting characters from Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts.