WHOIS 查询频率限制

WHOIS查询频率限制是[[registry-operator|注册局运营商]]和[[registrar|注册商]]实施的反滥用措施,限制单个IP地址或客户端在给定时间窗口内可发出的[[whois|WHOIS]]查询次数。若无频率限制,自动抓取工具可大量获取注册人联系数据用于垃圾邮件或竞争情报。在许多场景中取代WHOIS的[[rdap|RDAP]]协议在协议层面内置了频率限制支持,可对认证用户与匿名用户进行差异化响应。Verisign的.com WHOIS服务器对每个IP地址执行每小时约1,000次查询的限制。

示例

A domain research tool that submits more than a few hundred .com WHOIS queries per hour from the same IP will receive HTTP 429 or connection refusals from Verisign's WHOIS server; the tool must rotate IPs or implement backoff to continue operating.