域名前置
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域名前置是一种利用CDN和云服务商路由机制来掩盖HTTPS流量真实目的地的技术。攻击者在对网络监控可见的SNI(服务器名称指示)字段中放入热门无害域名,同时在加密的HTTP Host标头中放置实际目标域名。由于两个域名共享相同的CDN基础设施和IP范围,流量看似流向前置域名,实则在内部被路由到攻击者的域名。主要云服务商(谷歌、AWS、Cloudflare)已通过强制SNI/Host一致性的方式逐步禁用此功能。
示例
Malware authors configure their C2 server behind Cloudflare and use domain fronting to make C2 traffic appear as HTTPS requests to cloudflare.com, bypassing network inspection tools.