TLD Types & Classification
How top-level domains are categorized: gTLDs, ccTLDs, sTLDs, and the new gTLD program.
TLD (домен верхнего уровня)
The last segment of a domain name (e.g., .com, .org, .uk).
gTLD (Универсальный домен верхнего уровня)
Top-level domain with 3+ characters not tied to a specific country.
ccTLD (Национальный домен верхнего уровня)
Two-letter TLD assigned to a specific country or territory.
Новый gTLD (Новый универсальный домен верхнего уровня)
Generic top-level domains introduced through ICANN's 2012+ New gTLD Program.
Устаревший TLD (Legacy TLD)
Original gTLDs (.com, .net, .org) that predate the New gTLD Program.
sTLD (Спонсорский домен верхнего уровня)
Specialized TLD with eligibility requirements, managed by a sponsoring organization.
Брендовый TLD (.brand)
New gTLD using a company's brand name, operated exclusively by that company.
Географический TLD (GeoTLD)
New gTLD representing a geographic region (city, state, or territory).
IDN TLD (Интернационализированный домен верхнего уровня)
TLD written in non-Latin scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, etc.).
SLD (Домен второго уровня)
The part of a domain name directly left of the TLD (e.g., 'example' in example.com).
FQDN (Полное доменное имя)
Complete domain name with all labels from host to TLD (e.g., www.example.com.).
Ограниченный TLD
TLD that limits registration to eligible organizations or individuals.
Инфраструктурный TLD (.arpa)
Special-purpose TLD (.arpa) reserved exclusively for DNS infrastructure and protocol use.
Зарезервированные тестовые TLD
IANA-reserved TLDs (.test, .example, .invalid, .localhost) guaranteed never to resolve in the public DNS.
Оператор TLD (оператор реестра)
Entity authorized by ICANN to administer all domain registrations within a specific TLD.
Делегированный TLD
TLD formally added to the DNS root zone by IANA and resolvable on the public internet.
ASCII TLD
TLD composed entirely of ASCII characters, natively compatible with all DNS software without encoding.
Открытый TLD
TLD with unrestricted registration policies open to any person or entity worldwide.
Сообщественный TLD
TLD designed to serve a specific community of interest with eligibility restrictions and community-aligned policies.
Общий ограниченный TLD
Legacy gTLDs (.biz, .name, .pro) intended for specific uses but with limited enforcement of registration restrictions.
Строка TLD
The proposed character sequence for a new TLD, evaluated by ICANN for similarity, geography, and conflicts.
Брендовый TLD (.brand)
Company-operated new gTLD using a brand name as the extension, unavailable for public registration.