TLD Fee Structure

The TLD fee structure describes the layered pricing chain from [[registry-operator|registry operator]] to [[registrar]] to end registrant. The registry sets a [[wholesale-price|wholesale price]], the [[icann-fee|ICANN fee]] ($0.18) is added, the registrar applies its retail margin, and optional add-ons (WHOIS privacy, DNS hosting) are priced separately. Understanding this chain helps registrants identify at-cost registrars and avoid unnecessary markups. Registrar margins typically range from a few dollars to over $10 per domain per year.